Mass Psychology (Penguin Books)

Freud's religious unbeliefs are too easily dismissed as the standard scientific rationalism of the twentieth-century intellectual, yet he scorned the high-minded humanism of his contemporaries. In "Mass Psychology and Analysis of the 'I'" he explores the notion of 'mass-psychology' - his findings would prove all too prophetic in the years that followed. Writings such as "A Religious Experience" and "The Future of an Illusion" continue earlier work on the essential savagery of the civilized mind, and "Moses the Man" and "Monotheistic Religion" excavates the roots of religion and racism, which he concludes are inextricably intertwined. This remarkable collection reveals Freud not only at his most radically pessimistic, but also at his most personally courageous - engaging with his own adherences, his own antecedents, his own identity.